Riba & Its Types

Riba' The word â€Å"Riba† implies overabundance, increment or expansion, which accurately deciphered by Shariah phrasing, suggests any abundance remuneration without due (thought does exclude time estimation of cash). Kinds of Riba: 1. Riba' AnNisi'ah: This is the specified intrigue which the loan specialist takes from the borrower in light of the time given to the borrower to take care of the capital. It is HARAM dependent on the Quran and the Sunnah and the accord of Muslim researchers. . Riba' Al Fadl:â This applies to deal (trading one product for another), whereâ wares of a similar sort are traded in inconsistent sums, particularly the trading of valuable metals and groceries, it is HARAM, by the Sunnah and the concensus of researchers; as it makes ready for Riba' nNasi'ah. Various ahadith have exhibited the restriction as to gold, silver, wheat, grain, dates, and salt. The Prophet sallaAllahu ‘alayhi wa sellem stated, â€Å"Gold for gold, and silver for silver, and wheat for wheat, and grain for grain, and dates for dates, and salt for salt, as for like, equivalent for equivalent, from hand to hand (the exchange must be finished before the different sides leave one another). Be that as it may, in the event that the sorts are unique, at that point sell as you wish, as long as it is hand to hand. †Ã¢ (Muslim) The Prophet sallaAllahu ‘alayhi wa sellem likewise stated, â€Å"Whoever gives more or requests more (than what he gave) submits a demonstration of Riba', the given and the taken are equal (in the wrongdoing). (Muslim) The Prophet sallaAllahu ‘alayhi wa sellem stated, â€Å"Prohibited selling food (of a similar assortment) aside from proportionate in weight and hand to hand. † (Muslim) â€Å"Do not sell gold for gold except if comparable in weight (and from hand to hand), and don't sell less sum for more promin ent sum or the other way around, and don't sell silver for silver except if identical in weight (and from hand to hand), and don't sell less sum for more noteworthy sum or the other way around and don't sell gold or silver that is absent right now of trade for gold or silver that is available. †Ã¢ (settled upon) To loan a bank cash or get from it on the state of an installment of a fixed yearly or month to month rate pace of premium, state 2%, or pretty much, is a type of PROHIBITED RIBA'. â€Å"†¦ while Allah has allowed exchanging and prohibited Riba' (usury)†¦ †Ã¢ 2:275 Poverty isn't a reason for Riba'. Mudaraba: which is a type of association where one individual puts away cash and the different contributes his aptitude and exertion, and they share the benefit or loss of the endeavor, so Islam didn't force any difficulty on the individuals (by restricting Riba') yet rather it gave them a reasonable option in contrast to it, among them are the accompanying: . Qard Hasan (a lovely credit): Istead of a Muslim advancing his cash on premium which causes contamination and scourge on the entirety of his property and mistreats the borrower, Islam urges him to make the advance Qard Hasan, and guaranteed him a benevolent award for it;â Allah stated, â€Å"Who would he say he i s that will loan to Allah a goodly advance with the goal that Her may duplicate it to him commonly? †Ã¢ 2:245 2. Giving an augmentation to an individual who can't reimburse the credit on time due to money related trouble, until he recovers financially. What's more, Islam urges the bank to pardon the credit out and out in this circumstance;â Allah stated, â€Å"And on the off chance that the account holder is in a tough time (has no cash), at that point award him time till it is simple for him to reimburse, yet on the off chance that you transmit it by method of good cause, that is better for you on the off chance that you did yet know. † 2:280 3. Common Aid definitely: This incorporates shared guide on a social level, in industry and in agribusiness, and government disability by financing ranchers and industrialists and experts so as to empower them to create successfully. This profits an advantage to the entire Ummah. Additionally, opening schools and buidling emergency clinics and homes for the old and the crippled and every other thing the same fall under the common guide referenced in the verse†¦ â€Å"†¦ help you each other in Al Birr and atTaqwa (prudence, uprightness and piety);†¦ †Ã¢ 5:2â   The society which understands these methods will continue, in the shade of this far reaching shared guide, joyfully and far expelled from the misery of Riba'. . We ought not overlook the installment of Zakat to the individuals who merit it. This will majorly affect disposing of Riba'. BEWARE: from placing your cash in a *nonIslamic bank*. Regardless of whether you don't take enthusiasm on it, the bank takes your cash and credits it out to pick up premium. So you are helping the Riba' framework, and are in a roundabout way dependable and be careful from taking credits from those banks.

Guess, Inc. Free Essays

string(128) to tuning in and reacting to the necessities of our clients, partners and colleagues, and respect their individual value. Speculation? , Inc. What began as a little family claimed pants boutique has thrived into a worldwide way of life brand. Estimate? , Inc. We will compose a custom exposition test on Speculation, Inc. or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now as of now structures, showcases, disperses, and licenses a main way of life assortment of contemporary attire and extras for men, ladies, and kids that reflect the American way of life, while getting a handle on European style sensibilities. While the establishment of Guess, Inc. ’s history and monstrous achievement can be credited to their foundations in the offer of pants, Guess, Inc. has now extended universally, giving licenses for the assembling and dispersion of a full line of item classes. Estimate, Inc. perates in 87 nations, with most of the stores in the U. S. furthermore, Canada. Starting at 2010, Guess has 1292 stores, 504 in North America, 441 in Europe, and 347 in South East Asia (Breif History of the Company and the Marciano Brothers). The organization has concurrences with 17 licensees. All through the previous 30 years, Guess, Inc. has bent over backward to keep up their status as a worldwide wonder. History CEO and Chairman, Maurice Marciano, and Co-Chairman,  Paul Marciano The encapsulation of a fruitful privately-owned company, Guess, Inc was established in 1981 by the four Marciano siblings, Georges, Armand, Paul, and Maurice (Guess? Inc. ). They came outfitted with involvement with the style business, having recently claimed and worked a chain of twelve retail locations in France (Guess, Inc. ). The siblings moved to California from Marseilles, France in 1977, where Guess was conceived, beginning as a little pants organization. Georges Marciano was the creator of the pants, and the siblings gave them the name â€Å"Guess† as they accepted that word to be anything but difficult to articulate because of their constrained English (Guess, Inc. ). The company’s unique pants were imaginative for now is the ideal time, stone-washed, made to fit firmly, and included zippers at the lower legs. They considered this the â€Å"Marilyn Jean† (Guess, Inc. ), and the style satisfied its name, with a hot, one of a kind style and disposition. They had a milder vibe and lighter hues than ordinary denim pants. They additionally highlighted the great Guess triangle on the back pocket, which would before long become the unmistakable Guess trademark. Accepting emphatically in his family’s jean business, Georges traveled to New York, and persuaded Bloomingdale’s to show 30 sets of his European-style pants on credit in the Bloomingdale’s lead New York store (Guess, Inc. ). Inside three hours, Bloomingdale’s sold out each pair. Interest for the pants before long soar, and the siblings would end up overpowered. Despite the fact that he had no past publicizing experience, the siblings designated Paul Marciano as their promoting executive, in anticipation of growing their capital. This end up being uncontrollably fruitful, as Paul would structure an advertisement battle that would change the manner in which pants and other attire were sold. Looking to take an alternate course from the average studio structure, Paul brought the models and the pants outside, utilizing grainy highly contrasting photography. He had the models flaunt the pants utilizing provocative stances, which would later be depicted by Forbes Magazine as â€Å"catering to high school longings for sex, force, consideration, and self-love†¦electric with sexuality, yet with an understood mercilessness and exhibitionism too. † (GUESS INC (NYSE: GES) | Balance Sheet). These dubious promotions would rapidly make an easily recognized name for Guess. Before the finish of 1982, their pants delivered about $12 million in income (Guess, Inc. ). Throughout the following 15 years, Guess would develop from an organization of 30 of pants, to an internationally enhanced billion-dollar domain. Fights in court Overwhelmed by their expanding expenses to create, the Marciano siblings looked for an answer for extend their capital and access less expensive outside work. In July 1983, they consented to an arrangement with the Nakash siblings of the organization Jordache which would qualifies the Nakash siblings for half responsibility for, Inc. in return for $4. 8 million, just as the utilization of Jordache’s Hong Kong producing plants (Guess, Inc. ). This arrangement additionally authorized Jordache to create another line of pants, entitled Gasoline, utilizing portions of Guess structures in a lower-estimated line. Be that as it may, Guess committed an error in placing their trust in the Nakash siblings, and fail to give composed confirmations in the consent to secure each organization against making thump off’s of each other’s structures. This mix-up would before long cause issues down the road for them, in their greatest fight in court to date. The Marcianos sued the Nakash siblings on charges of uncalled for rivalry, blaming them for utilizing their situation on the Guess top managerial staff and their entrance to Guess structures in the Hong King plant to deliver dress in their Jordache line that were away from of Guess plans. In the suit, the Marcianos looked to invalid the 1983 understanding that had given Nakashes responsibility for of (Guess, Inc. ). This fight would proceed for the following five years, in the long run finishing with the two arrangements of siblings privately addressing any remaining issues, and the Marcianos recovering full control of the business. Assessed lawyer expenses were as high as $10 million every year for each side (Guess, Inc. ). This was a revolting fight in court that cost Guess Inc. a pointless measure of assets. 1982 additionally purchased a littler fight in court with Jeff Hamilton, Inc. Conjecture tried to enter the menswear showcase by acquiring an authorizing concurrence with this organization. Under this understanding, Jeff Hamilton, Inc would showcase a line of dress under the Guess name in return for a 7% sovereignty charge (Guess, Inc. ). In any case, Guess before long concluded that Hamilton was focusing on the youthful men’s advertise too unequivocally, and didn't favor of Hamilton’s â€Å"dumping† of Guess stock in huge markdown stores, which was harming the label’s top of the line picture. Estimate tried to end the permit understanding, which they in the end prevailing with regards to doing in 1986. This broad fight in court brought about a moderate development for Guess menswear. Showcasing Promotional Strategies Guess is sponsored by their corporate statement of purpose; â€Å"At Guess, we are focused on being an overall head in the style business. We will convey items and administrations of firm quality and respectability steady with our image and our picture. We are focused on tuning in and reacting to the necessities of our clients, partners and colleagues, and respect their individual worth. You read Speculation, Inc. in classification Papers We are committed to individual and expert improvement through a situation of open correspondence, innovativeness, collaboration, trust, and regard. We keep on offering back to the network, bolster mankind, and secure the earth as a major aspect of our duty. We stay focused on an innovative soul that fills the development of our Company and expanded investor esteem. Through principled authority we will grasp decent variety, develop quality, pride and enthusiasm to adjust our own life and our expert life. (The Guess Mission Statement). The objective client for Guess is a youthful, wealthy grown-up, between the ages of 18 and 32. Supposition bends over backward to live by this statement of purpose each day, and utilizations an assortment of imaginative advertising and limited time methodologies to additionally allure the objective client to buy Guess items. The statement of purpose is executed regularly in Guess, Inc’s corporate technique, which centers around the long haul. Theo ry is a worldwide organization known for their quality, pattern setting styles, and showcasing imagination. In understanding the significance of assorted variety, and consumers’ needs to continually have something new, Guess never neglects to present new items and pictures to keep their name alive. While initially picking up force with their pants, Guess now makers and circulates a wide scope of product offerings. Once understanding their prosperity, in the 80’s, the Marciano siblings chose to build their latent capacity, and grow past men’s and women’s pants. Infant GUESS? , GUESS? watches, GUESS? footwear, GUESS? eyewear, and GUESS? scents were presented. Wishing to proceed with their extension, Guess presented significantly more items in the late 90’s, including a whole assortment of GUESS totes, dynamic wear, gems, swimwear, innerwear, calfskin, belts, neckwear, and men’s works of art (CITE-yearly report). Around the thousand years, Guess presented their site, opening the organization to an entire other universe of potential. Theory works in 6 distinctive store ideas trying to speak to a wide range of business sectors. The first GUESS? retail locations convey a full combination of full-evaluated Guess items, including men’s and women’s stock, and authorized items. Conjecture? industrial facility outlet stores are essentially situated in outlet shopping centers, and sell a select collection of men’s and women’s clothing and authorized items at lower value focuses. Supposition by MARCIANO stores were presented in the mid year of 2004 (GUESS INC (NYSE: GES) | Balance Sheet), trying to recover the company’s spectacular picture. The Marciano chain offers attire and extras that are provocative, yet complex. The objective market for these stores is marginally more established clients inspired by better quality apparel and embellishments, for example, lavish night dresses and extravagant pants. G by GUESS stores offers Guess items at a lower value point than Guess retail locations, so as to focus on a more extensive segment. These stores convey attire for people, just as a full line of extras and footwear. Items I

The lost wallet, a great love story!

The lost wallet, a great love story! As I walked home one freezing day, I stumbled on a wallet someone had lost in the street. I picked it up and looked inside to find some identification so I could call the owner. But the wallet contained only three dollars and a crumpled letter that looked as if it had been in there for years.The envelope was worn and the only thing that was legible on it was the return address. I started to open the letter, hoping to find some clue. Then I saw the dateline1924. The letter had been written almost 60 years ago.It was written in a beautiful feminine handwriting on powder blue stationery with a little flower in the left-hand corner. It was a Dear John letter that told the recipient, whose name appeared to be Michael, that the writer could not see him anymore because her mother forbade it. Even so, she wrote that she would always love him. It was signed, Hannah.It was a beautiful letter, but there was no way except for the name Michael, that the owner could be identified. Maybe if I call ed information, the operator could find a phone listing for the address on the envelope.Operator, I began, this is an unusual request. Im trying to find the owner of a wallet that I found. Is there anyway you can tell me if there is a phone number for an address that was on an envelope in the wallet?She suggested I speak with her supervisor, who hesitated for a moment then said, Well, there is a phone listing at that address, but I cant give you the number. She said, as a courtesy, she would call that number, explain my story and would ask them if they wanted her to connect me.I waited a few minutes and then she was back on the line. I have a party who will speak with you.I asked the woman on the other end of the line if she knew anyone by the name of Hannah. She gasped, Oh! We bought this house from a family who had a daughter named Hannah. But that was 30 years ago!Would you know where that family could be located now? I asked.I remember that Hannah had to place her mother in a nu rsing home some years ago, the woman said. Maybe if you got in touch with them they might be able to track down the daughter.She gave me the name of the nursing home and I called the number. They told me the old lady had passed away some years ago but they did have a phone number for where they thought the daughter might be living.I thanked them and phoned. The woman who answered explained that Hannah herself was now living in a nursing home.This whole thing was stupid, I thought to myself. Why was I making such a big deal over finding the owner of a wallet that had only three dollars and a letter that was almost 60 years old?Nevertheless, I called the nursing home in which Hannah was supposed to be living and the man who answered the phone told me, Yes, Hannah is staying with us.Even though it was already 10 p.m., I asked if I could come by to see her. Well, he said hesitatingly, if you want to take a chance, she might be in the day room watching television.I thanked him and drove over to the nursing home. The night nurse and a guard greeted me at the door. We went up to the third floor of the large building. In the day room, the nurse introduced me to Hannah.She was a sweet, silver-haired oldtimer with a warm smile and a twinkle in her eye. I told her about finding the wallet and showed her the letter. The second she saw the powder blue envelope with that little flower on the left, she took a deep breath and said, Young man, this letter was the last contact I ever had with Michael.She looked away for a moment deep in thought and then said softly, I loved him very much. But I was only 16 at the time and my mother felt I was too young. Oh, he was so handsome. He looked like Sean Connery, the actor.Yes, she continued. Michael Goldstein was a wonderful person. If you should find him, tell him I think of him often. And, she hesitated for a moment, almost biting her lip, tell him I still love him. You know, she said smiling as tears began to well up in her eyes, I never did marry. I guess no one ever matched up to MichaelI thanked Hannah and said goodbye. I took the elevator to the first floor and as I stood by the door, the guard there asked, Was the old lady able to help you?I told him she had given me a lead. At least I have a last name. But I think Ill let it go for a while. I spent almost the whole day trying to find the owner of this wallet.I had taken out the wallet, which was a simple brown leather case with red lacing on the side. When the guard saw it, he said, Hey, wait a minute! Thats Mr. Goldsteins wallet. Id know it anywhere with that bright red lacing. Hes always losing that wallet. I must have found it in the halls at least three times.Whos Mr. Goldstein? I asked as my hand began to shake.Hes one of the oldtimers on the 8th floor. Thats Mike Goldsteins wallet for sure. He must have lost it on one of his walks. I thanked the guard and quickly ran back to the nurses office. I told her what the guard had said. We went back to th e elevator and got on. I prayed that Mr. Goldstein would be up.On the eighth floor, the floor nurse said, I think hes still in the day room. He likes to read at night. Hes a darling old man.We went to the only room that had any lights on and there was a man reading a book. The nurse went over to him and asked if he had lost his wallet. Mr. Goldstein looked up with surprise, put his hand in his back pocket and said, Oh, it is missing!This kind gentleman found a wallet and we wondered if it could be yours?I handed Mr. Goldstein the wallet and the second he saw it, he smiled with relief and said, Yes, thats it! It must have dropped out of my pocket this afternoon. I want to give you a reward.No, thank you, I said. But I have to tell you something. I read the letter in the hope of finding out who owned the wallet.The smile on his face suddenly disappeared. You read that letter?Not only did I read it, I think I know where Hannah is.He suddenly grew pale. Hannah? You know where she is? Ho w is she? Is she still as pretty as she was? Please, please tell me, he begged.Shes finejust as pretty as when you knew her. I said softly.The old man smiled with anticipation and asked, Could you tell me where she is? I want to call her tomorrow. He grabbed my hand and said, You know something, Mister? I was so in love with that girl that when that letter came, my life literally ended. I never married. I guess Ive always loved her.Mr. Goldstein, I said, Come with me.We took the elevator down to the third floor. The hallways were darkened and only one or two little night-lights lit our way to the day room where Hannah was sitting alone watching the television. The nurse walked over to her.Hannah, she said softly, pointing to Michael, who was waiting with me in the doorway. Do you know this man?She adjusted her glasses, looked for a moment, but didnt say a word. Michael said softly, almost in a whisper, Hannah, its Michael. Do you remember me?She gasped, Michael! I dont believe it! M ichael! Its you! My Michael! He walked slowly towards her and they embraced. The nurse and I left with tears streaming down our faces.See, I said. See how the Good Lord works! If its meant to be, it will be.About three weeks later I got a call at my office from the nursing home. Can you break away on Sunday to attend a wedding? Michael and Hannah are going to tie the knot!It was a beautiful wedding with all the people at the nursing home dressed up to join in the celebration. Hannah wore a light beige dress and looked beautiful. Michael wore a dark blue suit and stood tall. They made me their best man.The hospital gave them their own room and if you ever wanted to see a 76-year-old bride and a 79-year-old groom acting like two teenagers, you had to see this couple.A perfect ending for a love affair that had lasted nearly 60 years.Author Unknown Story was submitted by visitor: Taurus Queen dateline1924 60 years: This story was probably written close to 30 years ago.

Effective Leadership Ellen Degeneres Principles Of...

Effective Leadership-Ellen DeGeneres Shari Kjos BUS 119-Principles of Personal Organizational Leadership Instructor: Chris Crites November 12, 2016 As human beings the vast majority of us wish we could change the world, whether that be helping humans, animals, the environment, it is helping those that cannot help themselves. However, we also realize to help with these causes it takes money and for the most part a great deal of it. But, some people are fortunate enough and can help change the lives of many. That is what Ellen DeGeneres has done with her leadership skills, guidance, celebrity status and wealth. Through her kind heart and passion for the social good she does everything she can to make the world a better place. It is true that money can certainly help in spanning social good, however, multiple pennies can also impact those in need. Social good is something that anyone can do. It is not about celebrity status or being a millionaire. Social good is about feeling good about helping others when they are in need. It is about creating a sense of connectedness to humanity and being humble all the while influencing those th at follow you. This is what Ellen DeGeneres is all about. This paper will discuss, Ellen s foundations and charities, how these reflect her personal values and leadership integrity, how her giving enhances her celebrity image and whether her integrity is compatible with her image. Ellen DeGeneres is not only anShow MoreRelatedOptimizing Millennials Communication Styles8016 Words   |  33 Pageseffectiveness. Developing style-typing and style-flexing skills can serve as building blocks for millennials’ subsequent interpersonal skill development in key areas such as audience analysis, active listening, conflict management and negotiation, and effective team building. An in-class exercise highlighting communication style-typing and style-flexing is included. Keywords:â€Æ' millennials; communication skills; style-flexing MILLENNIALS, THOSE INDIVIDUALS born between 1980 and 2000, compose the largestRead MoreUnderstanding Marketing Management16709 Words   |  67 Pagesbreadth and depth as they want about practically anything. They can access online encyclopedias, dictionaries, medical information, movie ratings, consumer reports, newspapers, and other information sources in many languages from anywhere in the world. Personal connections and user-generated content thrive on social media such as Facebook, Flickr (photos), Del.icio.us (links), Digg (news stories), Wikipedia (encyclopedia articles), and YouTube (video).23 Social networking sites—such as Dogster for dog lovers

The Most Memorable Piece Of Writing Essay - 1404 Words

â€Å"In order to understand rhetoric, it is necessary to understand the motivations – the purposes, needs, values, and expectations – of the rectors, that is, the people who generate it.† (Keith Grant Davie) (347) A quote from Keith Grant Davie explaining that in order to understand rhetoric you must know the writer’s purpose. Understanding the writers purpose will allow you to see different aspects of an essay than the average person would. Many different aspects play into why someone writes what they write, and that’s what makes their essay memorable. Personally, the most memorable piece of writing that I’ve ever constructed was my college essay for the University of Central Florida, and these exact aspects; exigence, context, constraints, and audience are what helped develop my essay. There are two reasons why I would consider it my most â€Å"memorable† essay. First, is because my situation helped shaped my writing by giving it a sentimental tone, thus causing the reader to have an emotional reaction. Also, considering that I don’t write a lot nor do I enjoy doing so, it was the only time I actually invested myself in my writing. The university required us to choose two topics from a list and incorporate them into an essay. This was definitely something new to me, but I knew itShow MoreRelatedIn High School, Teachers Handed Out Essays As If They Were1525 Words   |  7 Pagescollege writings. My Literature teachers throughout high school did not have high expectations or requirements for essays. This laid-back attitude led me to believe that writing was easy and that I was a successful writer. I believed that all you had to do was throw information together in MLA format and it would produce a quality essay , deserving of the highest grade. 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Characters in Dr.Faustus Free Essays

Faustus – The protagonist. Faustus is a brilliant sixteenth-century scholar from Wittenberg, Germany, whose ambition for knowledge, wealth, and worldly might makes him willing to pay the ultimate price—his soul—to Lucifer in exchange for supernatural powers. Faustus’s initial tragic grandeur is diminished by the fact that he never seems completely sure of the decision to forfeit his soul and constantly wavers about whether or not to repent. We will write a custom essay sample on Characters in Dr.Faustus or any similar topic only for you Order Now His ambition is admirable and initially awesome, yet he ultimately lacks a certain inner strength. He is unable to embrace his dark path wholeheartedly but is also unwilling to admit his mistake. Mephostophilis From the Hebrew, mephitz, destroyer, and tophel, liar. A devil of craft and cunning. He is the devil who comes at Faustus’ summoning, and the devil who serves Faustus for 24 years. In lore, Mephostophilis (also spelled Mephistopheles, or Miphostophiles, and also called Mephisto) seems to be a relative latecomer in the recognized hierarchy of demons. He possibly was created for the Faustus legend. In Marlowe’s play, Mephostophilis has layers to his personality. He admits that separation from God is anguish, and is capable of fear and pain. But he is gleefully evil, participating at every level in Faustus’ destruction. Not only does Mephostophilis get Faustus to sell his soul; he also encourages Faustus to waste his twenty-four years of power. Wagner Servant to Faustus. He steals Faustus’ books and learns how to summon demons. At the end of the play, he seems concerned about his master’s fate. Good Angel and Evil Angel Personifications of Faustus’ inner turmoil, who give differing advice to him at key points. Their characters also reflect Christian belief that humans are assigned guardian angels, and that devils can influence human thoughts. Valdes Friend to Faustus, who teaches him the dark arts. He appears only in Act One. Cornelius Friend to Faustus, who teaches him the dark arts. He appears only in Act One. Lucifer Satan. â€Å"Lucifer† original meant Venus, referring to the planet’s brilliance. In Christian lore, Lucifer is sometimes thought to be another name of Satan. Some traditions say that Lucifer was Satan’s name before the fall, while the Fathers of the Catholic Church held that Lucifer was not Satan’s proper name but a word showing the brilliance and beauty of his station before the fall. He appears at a few choice moments in Doctor Faustus, and Marlowe uses â€Å"Lucifer† as Satan’s proper name. Belzebub One of Lucifer’s officers. A powerful demon. The Seven Deadly Sins Personifications of the Seven Deadly Sins, not acts but impulses or motivations that lead men to sinful actions. They array themselves in a pageant before Faustus, although scholars think now that this section was not written by Marlowe. Clown / Robin Robin learns demon summoning by stealing one of Faustus’ books. He is the chief character in a number of scenes that provide comic relief from the main story. Dick A friend of Robin’s. He is one of the characters peopling the few comic relief scenes. Rafe A horse ostler, or groomer, and friend to Robin. With the Clown, he summons Mephostophilis, who is none too pleased to be called. Vintner A wine merchant or a wine maker. This Vintner chases down Robin and Rafe after they steal a silver goblet from him. Carter A man who meets Faustus while carting hay to town. Faustus swindles him. Horse-Courser A man who buys Faustus’ horse. Faustus swindles him. Hostess An ale wench. She treats Robin and his friends kindly. The Pope Yeah, that Pope. In a move that would have pleases his Protestant audience, Marlowe depicts him as cruel, power-mad, and far from holy. Faustus plays some cheap tricks on him. Bruno A man who would be Pope, selected by the German emperor and representing the conflicts between Church and state authority. Raymond King of Hungary. He serves the Pope. Charles The German Emperor. Faustus performs at his court. Martino Knight in the court of the German Emperor. Friend to Benvolio and Frederick. When Benvolio seeks revenge against Faustus, Martino decides to help out of loyalty. Frederick Knight in the court of the German Emperor. Friend to Martino and Benvolio. When Benvolio seeks revenge against Faustus, Frederick decides to help out of loyalty. Benvolio Knight in the court of the German Emperor. Friend to Martino and Frederick. When Faustus humiliates him, he seeks revenge. Saxony A man attending at the court of the German Emperor. Duke of Vanholt A nobleman. Faustus performs illusions at his court. Duchess of Vanholt A noblewoman. Faustus fetches her grapes in January. Spirits in the shapes of Alexander the Great, Darius, Paramour, and Helen Faustus’ illusions. An Old Man A holy old man. He tries to save Faustus by getting him to repent, and for his good deed, Faustus initially thanks him. But later, Faustus sends devils to harm the Old Man. How to cite Characters in Dr.Faustus, Papers

The Garden of the Finzi-Continis free essay sample

A discussion on the narrative voice in Giorgio Bassanis novel The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (Il Giardino dei Finzi Contini), as well as an analysis of the book and the film by the same name. This essay explores the narrative techniques used by the Italian Giorgio Bassani in his novel The Garden of the Finzi Continis (Il Giardino dei Finzi Contini), the effects and reasons for the floating and diverse way he narrates the novel. It also explores the film of the same name, and sees whether the director has employed the same techniques, why, and how. Bassanis Il Giardino dei Finzi-Contini is a novel of multiple viewpoints . The central (unnamed) figure acts as the dominant protagonist, yet his narrative voice is partnered by large quantities of text, the function of which is to express directly the dialogue of other characters. Such text brings to life the myriad of opinions held by the novels cast by often doing away with the narrative convention of recorded speech. We will write a custom essay sample on The Garden of the Finzi-Continis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It also serves to highlight a certain transparency in the young man at the centre of the novel. Vittorio De Sica, in his transformation of the novel into a filmic text, adopts this floating narrative by taking advantage of the many visual techniques offered by the genre of film. The result is a multi-dimensional narrative, or view point, much like that of its literary companion. The transparency of the protagonist is diminished, however. The range of outlooks act simply to integrate a range of perspectives within the filmic text.

buy custom China Central University of Science and Technology essay

buy custom China Central University of Science and Technology essay How and why ESP is taught in China Central University of Science and Technology (A case study on ESP teaching in Central China University of Science and Technology) Please fill in the questionnaire to enable the researcher to get reliable information. The information received will be used for academic purpose only. A. GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Gender a) Female b) male Please select your age bracket a) 51 years and above b) 41-50 years c) 31-40 years d) 21-30 years e) Below 20 years 3) Are you a student or a teacher? a) Student b) Teacher 4. Do you think teaching ESP is necessary when preparing for a career or a certain study? a) Yes b) No c) Dont Know 5. Do you think ESP learning in China Universities is done effectively? a) Yes b) No c) Not sure 6. Do you enjoy learning or teaching ESP course as demanded by your specialization? a) Yes b) No If yes or no state why......................................................................... 7. What are the main features in teaching ESP? Kindly mention them briefly using A comma to separate your points .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................... 8) How does ESP differ from GE in terms of teaching? ESP GE i i ii ii iii iii iv iv v v vi vi 9. Do you think there are favorable or unfavorable conditions faced by teachers of ESP in Wuhan University and Wuhan University of Technology a) Favorable b) Unfavorable If favorable or unfavorable mention them separating your points with a comma .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11. How can the mentioned unfavorable conditions be improved without altering favorable ones? ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12. What perception do teachers and students have of ESP and the pedagogical approaches in teaching ESP?........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13. Are there enough ESP teaching materials in the Central China University of Science and Technology? Yes No If yes or no are they relevant? Yes No 14. Do you think that ESP courses taught in the Central China University of Science and Technology are content based? Yes they are No they are not 15. What would you recommend in improving ESP teaching in China Universities and other institutions of higher learning globally?........................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Key: ESP- English for Specific Purposes GE- General English (Use this symbol to mark your opinion) Buy custom China Central University of Science and Technology essay

Biography of Julius Kambarage Nyerere, Tanzanian Leader

Biography of Julius Kambarage Nyerere, Tanzanian Leader Julius Kambarage Nyerere  (March 1922 - October 14, 1999) was one of Africas leading independence heroes and leading light behind the creation of the Organization of African Unity. He was the architect of ujamaa,  an African socialist philosophy which revolutionized Tanzanias agricultural system. He was the prime minister of an independent Tanganyika and the first president of Tanzania. Fast Facts: Julius Kambarage Nyerere Known For: First president of Tanzania, architect of  ujamaa,  an African socialist philosophy which revolutionized Tanzanias agricultural system and one of the leaders of the Organization of African UnityBorn: March 1922, Butiama, TanganyikaDied: October 14, 1999, London, UKSpouse: Maria Gabriel Majige (m. 1953-1999)Children: Andrew Burito, Anna Watiku, Anselm Magige, John Guido, Charles Makongoro, Godfrey Madaraka, Rosemary Huria, Pauleta NyabananeNotable Quote: If a door is shut, attempts should be made to open it; if it is ajar, it should be pushed until it is wide open. In neither case should the door be blown up at the expense of those inside. Early Life Kambarage (the spirit which gives rain) Nyerere was born to Chief Burito Nyerere of the Zanaki (a small ethnic group in northern Tanganyika) and his fifth (out of 22) wife Mgaya Wanyangombe. Nyerere attended a local primary mission school, transferring in 1937 to Tabora Secondary School, a Roman Catholic mission and one of the few secondary schools open to Africans at that time. He was baptized a Catholic on December 23, 1943, and took the baptismal name Julius. Nationalistic Awareness Between 1943 and 1945 Nyerere attended Makerere University, in Ugandas capital Kampala, obtaining a teaching certificate. It was around this time that he took his first steps towards a political career. In 1945 he formed Tanganyikas first student group, an offshoot of the African Association, AA, (a pan-African group first formed by Tanganyikas educated elite in Dar es Salaam, in 1929). Nyerere and his colleagues began the process of converting the AA towards a nationalistic political group. Once he had gained his teaching certificate, Nyerere returned to Tanganyika to take up a teaching post at Saint Marys, a Catholic mission school in Tabora. He opened a local branch of the AA and was instrumental in converting the AA from its pan-African idealism to the pursuit of Tanganyikan independence. To this end, the AA restyled itself in 1948 as the Tanganyika African Association, TAA. Gaining a Wider Perspective In 1949 Nyerere left Tanganyika to study for an MA in economics and history at the University of Edinburgh. He was the first African from Tanganyika to study at a British university and, in 1952, was the first Tanganyikan to gain a degree. At Edinburgh, Nyerere became involved with the Fabian Colonial Bureau (a non-Marxist, anti-colonial socialist movement based in London). He watched intently Ghanas path to self-government  and was aware of the debates in Britain on the development of a Central African Federation (to be formed from a union of North and South Rhodesia and Nyasaland). Three years of study in the UK gave Nyerere an opportunity to vastly widen his perspective of pan-African issues. Graduating in 1952, he returned to teach at a Catholic school near Dar es Salaam. On January 24, 1953, he married primary school teacher Maria Gabriel Majige. Developing the Independence Struggle in Tanganyika This was a period of upheaval in west and south Africa. In neighboring Kenya the Mau Mau uprising was fighting against white settler rule, and a  nationalistic reaction was rising against the creation of the Central African Federation. But political awareness in Tanganyika was nowhere near as advanced as with its neighbors. Nyerere, who had become president of the TAA in April 1953, realized that a focus for African nationalism amongst the population was needed. To that end, in July 1954, Nyerere converted the TAA into Tanganyikas first political party, the Tanganyikan African National Union, or TANU. Nyerere was careful to promote nationalistic ideals without encouraging the kind of violence that was erupting in Kenya under the Mau Mau uprising. TANU manifesto was for independence on the basis of non-violent, multi-ethnic politics, and the promotion of social and political harmony. Nyerere was appointed to Tanganyikas Legislative Council (the Legco) in 1954. He gave up teaching the following year to pursue his career in politics. International Statesman Nyerere testified on behalf of TANU to the UN Trusteeship Council (committee on trusts and non-self-governing territories), in both 1955 and 1956. He presented the case for setting a timetable for Tanganyikan independence (this being one of the specified aims set down for a UN trust territory). The publicity he gained back in Tanganyika established him as the countrys leading nationalist. In 1957 he resigned from the Tanganyikan Legislative Council in protest over the slow progress independence. TANU contested the 1958 elections, winning 28 of 30 elected positions in the Legco. This was countered, however, by 34 posts which were appointed by the British authorities - there was no way for TANU to gain a majority. But TANU was making headway, and Nyerere told his people that Independence will follow as surely as the tickbirds follow the rhino. Finally with the election in August 1960, after changes to the Legislative Assembly were passed, TANU gained the majority it sought, 70 out of 71 seats. Nyerere became chief minister on September 2, 1960, and Tanganyika gained limited self-government. Independence In May 1961 Nyerere became prime minister, and on December 9, Tanganyika gained its independence. On January 22, 1962, Nyerere resigned from the premiership to concentrate on drawing up a republican constitution and to prepare TANU for government rather than liberation. On December 9, 1962, Nyerere was elected president of the new Republic of Tanganyika. Nyereres Approach to Government #1 Nyerere approached his presidency with a particularly African stance. First, he attempted to integrate into African politics the traditional style of African decision making (what is known as indaba in Southern Africa). A consensus is gained through a series of meetings in which everyone has an opportunity to say their piece. To help build national unity he adopted Kiswahili as the national language, making it the only medium of instruction and education. Tanganyika became one of the few African countries with an indigenous official national language. Nyerere also expressed a fear that multiple parties, as seen in Europe and the US, would lead to ethnic conflict in Tanganyika. Political Tensions In 1963 tensions on the neighboring island of Zanzibar started to impact on Tanganyika. Zanzibar had been a British protectorate, but on 10 December 1963, independence was gained as a Sultanate  (under Jamshid ibn Abd Allah) within the Commonwealth of Nations. A  coup on  January 12, 1964, overthrew the sultanate and established a new republic. Africans and Arabs were in conflict, and the aggression spread to the mainland - the Tanganyikan army mutinied. Nyerere went into hiding and was forced to ask Britain for military assistance. He set about strengthening his political control of both TANU and the country. In 1963 he established a  one-party state  which lasted until July 1, 1992, outlawed strikes, and created a centralized administration. A one-party state would allow collaboration and unity without any suppression of opposing views he stated. TANU was now the only legal political party in Tanganyika. Once order was restored Nyerere announced the merger of Zanzibar with Tanganyika as a new nation; the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar came into being on April 26, 1964, with Nyerere as president. The country was renamed the Republic of Tanzania on October 29, 1964. Nyereres Approach to Government #2 Nyerere was reelected president of Tanzania in 1965 (and would be returned for another three successive  five-year  terms before resigning as president in 1985. His next step was to promote his system of African socialism, and on February 5, 1967, he presented the Arusha Declaration which set out his political and economic agenda. The Arusha Declaration was incorporated  into  TANUs constitution later that year. The central core of the Arusha Declaration was  ujamma, Nyereres take on an egalitarian socialist society based on cooperative agriculture. The policy was influential throughout the continent, but it ultimately proved to be flawed.  Ujamaa  is a Swahili word which means community or  family-hood. Nyereres  ujamaa  was a program of independent self-help which supposedly would keep Tanzania from becoming  dependant  on foreign aid. It emphasized economic cooperation, racial/tribal, and moralistic self-sacrifice. By the early  1970s, a program of villagization was slowly organizing rural life into village collectives. Initially voluntary, the process met with increasing resistance, and in 1975 Nyerere introduced forced villagization. Almost 80 percent of the population ended up organized into 7,700 villages. Ujamaa  emphasized the countrys need to be self-sufficient economically rather than being dependent on  foreign aid  and  foreign investment. Nyerere also set up mass literacy  campaigns  and provided free and universal education. In 1971, he introduced state ownership for banks, nationalized plantations and property. In January 1977 he merged TANU and Zanzibars Afro-Shirazi Party into a new national party - the  Chama Cha Mapinduzi  (CCM, Revolutionary State Party). Despite a great deal of planning and organization, agricultural production declined over the 70s, and by the 1980s, with falling world commodity prices (especially for coffee and sisal), its meager export base disappeared and Tanzania became the largest per-capita recipient of foreign aid in Africa. Nyerere on the International Stage Nyerere was a leading force behind the modern Pan-African movement, a leading figure in African politics in the 1970s, and was one of the founders of the Organization of African Unity, OAU, (now the  African Union). He was committed to supporting liberation movements in Southern Africa and was a forceful critic of the apartheid regime of South Africa, chairing a group of five frontline presidents who advocated the overthrow of white supremacists in South Africa, South-West Africa, and Zimbabwe. Tanzania became a favored venue for liberation army training camps and political offices. Sanctuary was given to members of South Africas  African National Congress, as well as similar groups from Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Angola, and Uganda. As a strong supporter of the  Commonwealth of Nations, Nyerere helped engineer South Africas exclusion on the basis of its  apartheid  policies. When President  Idi Amin  of Uganda announced the deportation of all Asians, Nyerere denounced his administration. When Ugandan troops occupied a small border area of Tanzania in 1978 Nyerere pledged to bring the downfall of Amin. In 1979 20,000 troops from the Tanzanian army invaded Uganda to aid Ugandan rebels under the leadership of Yoweri Museveni. Amin fled into exile, and Milton Obote, a good friend of Nyerere, and the president Idi Amin had deposed back in 1971, was placed back in power. The economic cost to Tanzania of the incursion into Uganda was devastating, and Tanzania was unable to recover. Death Julius Kambarage Nyerere died on October 14, 1999, in London, UK, of  leukemia. Despite his failed policies, Nyerere remains a  deeply  respected figure both in Tanzania and Africa as a whole. He is referred to by his honorific title  mwalimu  (a Swahili word meaning teacher). Legacy and End of an Influential Presidency In 1985 Nyerere stepped down from the presidency in favor of Ali Hassan Mwinyi. But he refused to give up power completely, remaining leader of the CCM. When Mwinyi started to dismantle  ujamaa  and to privatize the economy, Nyerere ran interference. He spoke out against what he saw as too much reliance on international trade and the use of  gross  domestic product as the main measure of Tanzanias success. At the time of his departure, Tanzania was one of the worlds poorest countries. Agriculture has reduced to subsistence levels, transportation networks were fractured, and industry was crippled. At least  one-third  of the national budget was provided by foreign aid. On the positive side, Tanzania had Africas highest literacy rate (90 percent), had halved infant mortality, and was politically stable. In 1990 Nyerere gave up leadership of the CCM, finally admitting that some of his policies hadnt been successful. Tanzania held multiparty elections for the first time in 1995.

International Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

International Banking - Essay Example Banks, by their communally useful effort of converting temporary assets to standard and long-standing credits (changing maturities) get uncovered to liquidity hazards. Hence, the comprehensive banking catastrophe, which started in 2007 summer, has showed this peril and has pressed us to re-evaluate bank threat organization as a whole and liquidity risk specifically. As a result, this risk has gotten ignored until up to the present in errand of other hazards such as credit perils with market hazards. Actually, Basell I (1989) and Basell II (2005) expelled liquidity hazard control from their claim span. Transmission from financing liquidity hazard to marketplace liquidity risk does not involve a single direction. In fact, these dual risks can get jointly underpinning in a controlled system relating the spot to marketplace. Certainly, stock prices lower than their basic prices get instantly shown on the figure of banks balance sheets because of the spot to market (Evanoff 2007, 50).Thus, they get mandated to immediately streamline their balance sheets and discover themselves obliged to vend more resources cheaply to congregate solvency as well as capital dogmatic requirements. In this instance, banks get themselves entangled in hazardous descending liquidity curves. (Evanoff 2007, 50 bring to mind dual equilibriums. The foremost happens when marketplaces become liquid with good margin environment and painless access to funding for speculators, who as a result help out progress this liquidity via their actions. The next one takes place when bazaars become illiquid. Such raised margin necessities, restricts access to financing liquidity to investors who in the end offer smaller amount souk liquidity. Hence, this common strengthening of financing illiquidity with marketplace illiquidity gets mirrored in liquidity curves, which can be margins curves or loss curves. It refers to the plan

CRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CRM - Essay Example 1. Introduction Is the customer always right? The customer may be the king, but is it worth pursuing to retain all the customer accounts? These are some of the dilemmas an organisation face, especially when a customer relationship have entered a cul-de-sac. The basic premise of customer relationship management is about attracting, developing, maintaining and retaining profitable customers over a period of time (Massey et al., 2001). Figure 1: The basic premise of customer relationship management Adapted from source: Massey et al., (2001) 2.Theoretical underpinning Payne and Frow (2005) delineate functional dimension of CRM and stated that it concerns with creating improved shareholder value through development of appropriate relationships with key customers and customer segments by making a fusion of the potential of relation marketing strategies with IT to create profitable, long-term relationships with customers and other key stakeholders. ... re 2: The service profit model suggested by Bentum and Stone (2005) Source: (Hussain et al., 2009, p.120) From the figure above, the service profit chain (SPC) is evident and urges that the value creation process is indeed a horizontal cross-functional process, rather than standalone views contained within each function (Heskett et al., 1994). Behind the theoretical underpinning of CRM, a major vector is to be able to fight competition; and an enterprise after implementing the CRM system should be profitable and add to shareholder’s value. However, at the core of the CRM remains the customer which must be attracted, developed, maintained, and retained in a profitable way. But does it mean that all the customers to be retained for as long as possible? Should the organisation pursue it with obsession? Saubert’s (2011) case study on â€Å"Which accounts are worth keeping?† provides a clue to this question. Saubert suggests that there should be a fruitful communion o f attrition propensity and profitability models (Saubert, 2011). Studying in the context of Australian Banks for credit card holders, Saubert opine that while devising customer retention strategies, firms should weigh the value earned from each customer. The firm’s CRM strategy needs to be guided by answer to two fundamental questions: Figure 3: Two fundamental question that must guide a firm's CRM strategy Adapted from source: (Saubert, 2011) Saubert (2011) opines that while firms usually strive to increase customer loyalty and reduce attrition but tend to overlook these two questions. The Performance Improvement Council (2008) states that in an ideal world, loyal long term customer relationships would eventually evolve towards partnerships and quotes Michael LeBoeuf, author of How to Win Customers & Keep

Preparation of Diphenylisoxazoline by a Dipolar Cycloadditio

Preparation of Diphenylisoxazoline by a Dipolar Cycloadditio Aims The aims of this experiment were: to synthesise a diphenylisoxazoline by a 1,3- dipolar cycloaddition reaction this involved the preparation of an oxime which was oxidised to form a rather unstable nitrile oxide which was trapped in situ with an alkene to yield an isoxazoline.; to fully characterise both, the intermediate oxime and the final isoxazoline, with Infra-Red and Proton NMR spectra. Experimental Preparation of benzaldehyde oxime In a fume cupboard, sodium hydroxide (3.5g) was dissolved in water (30mL) in a 100mL conical flask containing a magnetic stirrer bar. The solution was then allowed to cool down to ambient temperature and benzaldehyde (0.5mL) was added followed by hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.5g). The stirrer was set to a maximum potency to allow for vigorous stiring for about 5 minutes. The conical flask was stopped at this stage. After 5 minutes, the stopper was removed from the flask and further portions of benzaldehyde (0.5mL) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.5g) were added. This sequence was repeated until all the benzaldehyde (total 5.1mL) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (total 4.2g) were consumed. The reaction mixture warmed up and the solution became homogeneous indicates complete consumption of benzaldehyde. With the aid of a broad-range pH indicator, the reaction mixture was neutralised with glacial acetic acid (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 1.6mL). At this stage a few drops of water were added to help dissolving any sodium acetate precipitate formed. The solution was then allowed to cool and the organic material (top layer) extracted with diethyl ether (2 x 30mL) to a 100mL beaker. A few spatulas of magnesium sulphate were added to the beaker to dry the organic extracts. The mixture was filtered off into a round-bottomed flask and the solvent removed on a rotary evaporator. The yield and the IR spectrum of the oil were recorded. 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction Again in a fume cupboard, styrene (2.9mL) and triethylamine (0.3mL) were dissolved in dichloromethane (15mL) in a 100 mL conical flask. Sodium hypochloride solution (25mL, ca. 10% available chlorine) was added whilst stirring with the aid of a magnetic stirrer bar already in the flask. The flask was placed into an ice bath and the oily oxime (2.5g) was added dropwise with the aid of a Pasteur pipette over a period of 15 minutes. Once addition was completed, the reaction mixture was allowed to stir in the ice bath for a further period of 45 minutes. The whole reaction mixture was transferred to a separating funnel where it was allowed to stand for a few minutes before the lower organic phase was extracted. Afterwards, the remaining aqueous phase was extracted with further dichloromethane (15mL) and both organic extracts combined and dried over magnesium sulphate (a few spatulas as required). The mixture was filtered into a round-bottomed flask, to remove the magnesium sulphate. The flask was placed onto a rotary evaporator to remove any remaining solvent. The weight of the crude product was recorded and the same recrystallised from ethanol. An IR spectrum was run through the pure product and the yield recorded. Results Percentage yield Step 1: Preparation of Benzaldehyde Oxime The first step of this experiment was to synthesise the benzaldehyde oxime. The reaction scheme for this synthesis is as follows: Stoichiometric ratio 1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡1 Benzaldehyde used = 5.1mL | density benzaldehyde = 1.0415 gml-1, mass = 5.31g (3 S.F.) Molecular mass = 106.12 gmol-1, therefore n. of moles = (3 S.F.) NH2OHà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€ž ¢HCl used = 4.2g | Molecular mass = 69.5 gmol.1, hence n. of moles = NaOH used = 3.5g | Molecular mass = 40 gmol.1, hence n. of moles = Experimental ratio Stoichiometric ratio 1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡1, hence benzaldehyde is the limiting reagent. N. of moles of benzaldehyde = n. of moles of benzaldehyde oxime Benzaldehyde oxime yield = 4.43g |Molecular mass = 121.139 gmol.1, thus n. of moles = Step 2: 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction The preparation of the diphenylisoxazoline by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition follows the following reaction scheme: Benzaldehyde oxime used = 2.50g | Molecular mass = 121.14 gmol-1, therefore n. of moles = Styrene used = 2.90mL = 2.64g | Molecular mass = 104.15 gmol-1, hence n. of moles = NaOCl (ca. 10% available Cl) used = 25 mL | density NaOCl = 1.206 gmL-1, hence 30.15g used. Molecular mass = 74.5 gmol-1, therefore n. of moles = C6H15N used = 0.3 mL | density C6H15N = 0.726 gcm-3, hence 0.218g used. Molecular mass = 101.19 gmol-1, therefore n. of moles = Stoichiometric ratio of benzaldehyde oxime reacting with styrene is of 1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡1 Benzaldehyde oxime is the limiting reagent N. of moles of benzaldehyde oxime = n. of moles of diphenylisoxazoline Yield of diphenylisoxazoline = 1.00g | molecular mass = 223.270 gmol-1, thus n. of moles = Overall % yield Spectroscopic data Coupling Constants: H8 at CD: 2J8,7 = 16.4 Hz , 3J8,6 = 8.4 Hz H7 at CD: 2J7,8 = 16.4 Hz , 3J7,6 = 11.2 Hz H6 at CE: 3J6,7 = 11.2 Hz, 3J6,8 = 8.4 Hz Infra-Red Spectra Benzaldehyde Oxime O-H- (stretch) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 3500-3100 cm-1, broad peak C=N- à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 1650 cm-1 sp3 C-H à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  3100-2750 (including aldehyde sp3 C-H) C=C aromatic à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  1450-1500 cm-1 ­ (3 medium peaks). N-OH à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 960 cm-1 3,5-Diphenyl-2-isoxazoline N-O à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  920 cm-1 (sharp, medium) sp3 (phenyl) C-H and sp2 (azoline) C-H (stretch) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 2800-3200 cm-1 C-O à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 900 cm-1 (sharp, strong) C=C aromatic à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  1450-1500 cm-1 ­ C=N- à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 1650 cm-1 (sharp, weak) Other Data Before the organic phase was extracted, during the synthesis of benzaldehyde oxime, the reaction mixture was neutralized with glacial acetic acid, as per stated in the experimental session of this paper. The amount of acid necessary was calculated as follows, in order to ensure an accurate amount of acid added to the reaction mixture: N. of moles NaOH = NH2OHà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€ž ¢HCl n. of moles = Excess of NaOH used = à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ n. of moles of CH3CO2H needed. Molecular mass CH3CO2H = 60.1 gmol-1 , hence mass of CH3CO2H = 1.63g. Density of CH3CO2H = 1.049 g/mL, therefore volume needed à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  1.60 mL Discussion Preparation of benzaldehyde oxime The first step of this experiment: Preparation of benzaldehyde oxime, is a simple condensation reaction between an aldehyde (benzaldehyde) and hydroxylamine. The benzaldehyde oxime prepared was clear oil with a relatively good % yield (73%). The comparison between the infrared spectra of the benzaldehyde oxime in the literature and the one recorded for this experiment (attached in the end of this paper) clearly indicates the successful preparation of the same. The Nujol © peaks are shown more strongly in the prepared spectra, but nevertheless it proves a clear way of identifying the functional groups of this compound. M.p. ranges were not measured, and therefore even though the IR spectrum correlates to the actual oximes, its purity should be treated as questionable. 1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction In this second step of the experiment, the syn-benzaldehyde oxime produced undergoes hypochlorite oxidation to form the 1,3-dipolar benzonitrile oxide which then reacts with the dipolariphile styrene in a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The benzonitrile oxide is termed 1,3-dipole because of one of the resonance forms in which the formal position of the positive and negative charges are 1,3 with respect to one another. However, the term 1,3 does not directly relate to the position of the charges themselves but to the position of the bonding atoms in the dipolar molecule. In this cycloaddition reaction, the dipole atoms in position 1 and 3 of the benzonitrile oxime (LUMO) bind to the styrene (HOMO) to form diphenylisoxazoline. Benzonitrile oxime contributes four à Ã¢â€š ¬ electrons to the system: two à Ã¢â€š ¬ electrons from the à Ã¢â€š ¬ bond and two non-bonding electrons from the oxygen or nitrogen. On the other hand, the dipolariphile styrene contributes further two à Ã¢â€š ¬ electrons. In total [4 + 2]: an electronically allowed cycloadattion in which all 4 +2 electrons are in the ground state (termal). Depending of the spacial orientation of the styrene in solution, there are two theoretical products possible: 3,4 regioisomer 3,5 regioisomer The reaction therefore allows 5-membered rings synthesis, proceeding with high stereospecificity. The study of spectra data such as infrared and 1H-NMR allows not only the confirmation of the final product but also helps to determine the regioselectivity of the reaction. Infra-red Spectra By evaluation of the spectrum of diphenylisoxazoline, one can confirm the product synthesised. The peaks mentioned in the results session of this paper are indeed in accordance to the 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline structure. By comparison to the previous oxime spectrum, it is obvious the absence of the OH- group and the formation of a C-O bond. The sp2 hybrydised C-H stretches are also seen in the diphenylisoxazoline spectrum. Diastereostopic Systems and 1H-NMR Spectra Diastereostopic groups are not equivalent and have different chemical shits in NMR. A pair of hydrogens located in a carbon atom adjacent to a stereocenter is expected to be diastereostopic. Diastereostopic protons According to Pavia et al, in some compounds with diastereostopic hydrogens, the chemical shifts of Ha and Hb are different and the peaks split each other into doublet of doublets (2Jab). In this case of 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline, the adjacent proton Hc shows large differences between the vicinal couplings between ac (3Jac) and bc (3Jbc). Refering to NMR results in the results section, the geminal coupling constant between hydrogen 8 and 7 is large. Therefore, the presence of the diastereostopic hydrogens is confirmed as the geminal coupling depends upon the bond angle between both protons. In practice the smaller the angle the larger the coupling constant. H8 at CD: 2J8,7 = 16.4 Hz and H7 at CD: 2J7,8 = 16.4 Hz However, the question remains: Which is the final product: 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline or 3,4-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline? By using an H-NMR predictor, one can estimate the difference in chemical shifts between the diastereostopic and adjacent protons in both compounds. 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline or 3,4-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline? The use of an H-NMR predictor will help to understand the final product and its regioselectivity. Spectrum Prediction of H-NMR spectrum of 3,5-diphenylisoxazoline. See references Spectrum Prediction of H-NMR spectrum of 3,4-diphenylisoxazoline. See references As one can see, the chemical shifts predicted for the 3,5-diphenyl product in respect to diastereostopic hydrogens and the methine hydrogens are: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 3ppm and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 6ppm respectively. On the other hand, the chemical shifts for the 3,4-diphenyl product in respect to diastereostopic hydrogens and the methine hydrogens are: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 5ppm and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 4.5ppm respectively. The above values for the 3,5-diphenyl product are in close relation to the ones in the results section and hence the final product is the 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline. For the 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline, the vicinal coupling are in accordance to the structure of the this regio-isomer. H8 at CD: 3J8,6 = 8.4 Hz H7 at CD: 3J7,6 = 11.2 Hz H6 at CE: 3J6,7 = 11.2 Hz, 3J6,8 = 8.4 Hz The vicinal coupling constant depends upon the dihedral angle between the nuclei. As such, the 3,4-diphenyl product would have very different values. Furthermore, by looking at the structure of both compounds one could say that the 3,4-diphenyl product allows more steric hindrance than the 3,5-diphenyl product. Diazomethane and Ozone Ozone and diazomethane both behave as 1,3-dipoles. Their reactions with styrene also yields 5-membered rings. Ozone with Styrene Resonance forms of ozone as 1,3-dipoles Diazomethane with Styrene Conclusion Both reactions were successful and the products characterized. The regioselectivity of the isoxazoline was analysed by H-NMR spectrum and the product determined to be 3,5-diphenylisoxazoline. Melting point ranges could have helped to determine the purity of the samples. In order to further understand the factors contributing to the regioselectivity product of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, molecular modelling software could be used to determine energy differences between the products and transition states and whether the reaction is thermodynamically or kinetically favoured or both. In conjunction with frontier orbital of both HOME and LUMO and vice versa of the reagents, one could determine the reason for one product being more favoured than other. Nevertheless, the reaction of styrene with 1,3-dipolar benzaldehyde oxime yields 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline

Lewy Body Dementia

Non-preventable and Non-reversible: Lewy Body Dementia On April 10th 2010, my dad informed me that my grandmother had passed away. She was 90-years-old, and although she may have lived a long life, the last eight or so years of her life were very rough. The official reason she passed away was because of Lewy Body Dementia. This degenerative disease, meaning it is not reversible, is thought to have sprouted from an infection she had in her kidneys in 2002.She lived at home for a while after her kidney disease was found and treated, but was moved to an assisted living center in 2007 because of occasional hallucinations, and family was unable to stay with her at her home. As time progressed, her dementia got worse. She slowly started having hallucinations more frequently, became very forgetful, and eventually was unable to perform any tasks on her own. â€Å"Dementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases. It affects memory, thinking, language, judgment, and beha vior,† stated by Google Health. Mayoclinic. om suggests that â€Å"in Lewy body dementia, abnormal round structures — called Lewy bodies — develop in regions of your brain involved in thinking and movement. †Although the specific cause of dementia is unknown, specialists believe that it relates to Alzheimer’s Disease, and Parkinson’s Disease. Evidence of these two diseases has been seen in Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) The cause may not be known, but there are many symptoms that can be easily noticed without difficult tests, such as detailed hallucinations, trembling hands, delusions, sleep difficulties, and more. A clinical diagnosis of LBD can be probable or possible based on different symptom combinations,â€Å" discusses Lbda. org, the Lewy Body Dementia Association website. A probable diagnosis consists of dementia plus two or more core features, or dementia plus a single core feature and one or more suggestive features. A possible diagnosis is dementia plus one core feature, or dementia and one or more suggestive features.Core features are changing cognition with variations of attention or alertness, very detailed hallucinations, and unconsciously having Parkinson’s Disease movements. A suggestive feature includes REM sleep behavior disorder, sensitivity to neuroleptics (a drug used for calming), and low dopamine transporter uptake in the brains basal ganglia, which connects to main parts of the brain like the cerebral cortex and thalamus. LBD cannot be cured, it can only be slowed down. Since there is no cure, doctors can only treat individual symptoms.They use medications for Alzheimer’s Disease to increase the levels of neurotransmitters to help with cognition, Parkinson’s Disease, for muscular issues, but these can increase hallucinations and delusions. Also, doctors may use an antipsychotic medication, which is a neuroleptic, and many LBD patients are severely sensitive to these. Some simple therapy can also be used, such as removing clutter and background noise from the environment, and breaking tasks into simpler steps which will help them focus.Also, how a caregiver responds to a person with LBD is crucial. They should not quiz the person, or question them, they should just validate any concerns, which will usually get rid of the issue at hand for the moment. Lewy Body Dementia is not preventable, but there are certain risks that make it more likely for one to have it when they are older, such as being over 60, being male, and having history of dementia in the family. In conclusion, LBD is an issue that has an effect 15-35% of all dementias, virtualmedicalcentre. com confirms.I have realized that I will probably be diagnosed with this when I am older, because my grandma, and great-grandma on my dads side both had this, and my great-grandma on my moms side is getting the beginning signs of LBD. Because of research, we can understand why certain things happen to us, an d how they happen.Works Cited â€Å"Dementia. † Google Health. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. . Mayo Clinic Staff. â€Å"Lewy Body Dementia – MayoClinic. com. † Mayo Clinic Medical Information and Tools for Healthy Living – MayoClinic. com. 17 Sept. 2010. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. . Welcome to the Lewy Body Dementia Association. Web. 31 Oct. 2010. .

Inclusion Of A Special Education Student - 1243 Words

Full Inclusion Paper With the issue of inclusion, there are both pros and cons to each side. There are many different factors that influence the views of inclusion to different groups of people. There are four main groups of people that inclusion have an effect on including: the students with disabilities, regular education students, teachers of regular education students, and the parents of students with disabilities. With each group of people, there are many who are for inclusion and many who are against inclusion. Everyone has their own thoughts and opinions and it’s important to hear what each side has to say to help all students in education. If students with disabilities are isolated in the special education classroom, they aren’t being exposed to appropriate type of student modeling (Hill, Amy E.).† Another advantage of inclusion for a special education student, is the opportunity to make new friends and share new experiences. 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There are six objectives: (1) To guarantee that every child starts school ready to learn; (2) To raise the high school graduation rate to 90%; (3) To ensure that every student leaving the 4th, 8th, and 12th grades can demonstrate competence in core subjects; (4) To make students fir it in the world in math and science achievements; (5) To ensure that every adult is literate

Spontaneity Is An Intriguing Personality Trait - 1090 Words

1. Trait Definition Spontaneity is an intriguing personality trait which determines how a person will live their life. In personality psychology, spontaneity is a debatable trait because authors or researchers have to redefine or reconstruct this definition in order to suit their research or the idea they are conveying. Spontaneity has several different meanings depending on the context. According to Webster dictionary (2015) spontaneity is the quality or state of being spontaneous. The idea of Spontaneity came from Moreno (1953), a psychiatrist, who coined the concept of spontaneity and psychodrama. Moreno (1947) states that spontaneity is the matrix of creativity and locus of the self. People are focused on themselves as a whole, so their creativity can manifest into many sections of their life. Also, Spontaneity refers to the subjective sense of freedom and lack of constraint associated with any action or response. (Kindler, 2010). This representation of spontaneity allows people to have freedom in most activities or actions they participate in anything they do. Another author states we are constantly intent on self-formation and self-preservation, it is self-declaration that paves the way to spontaneity (Akhtar, S. (2014). The act of self-declaration promotes the chances and right for people to fulfill their all desires and impulses. All of these definitions describe a person who follows their heart or any desire without any limitations or distraction comingShow MoreRelatedThomas Nagel s Moral Luck2462 Words   |  10 Pagesattribute our traits, beliefs, and customs to luck. I agree that our environment influences who we are, but as we grow older we have the agency to choose between selfishness and selflessness, cowardice and bravado, or humbleness and conceit. To suggest that these traits are out of our control has serious implications on our capacity for personal growth and enlightenment. Further, our personality traits become obsolete in moral ju dgment when compared to the embodiment of those traits in actions orRead MoreCultural And Artistic Values And The Success Of Big Brother2750 Words   |  11 Pagesaudience would vote to evict one of the nominated housemates, and the housemate with the most votes is removed from the House. The core of the competition within the game show is all about the personality traits of the housemates. Consequently, the housemates should endeavour to show the best of their personality characteristics. These for example are their stability, sense of humour, communication and articulation. Accordingly, they aim to survive from the eviction as soon as they are admired by otherRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 CommunicationRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCore Self-Evaluation Scale 103 Scoring Key 103 Comparison Data 103 2 MANAGING PERSONAL STRESS 105 SKILL ASSESSMENT 106 Diagnostic Surveys for Managing Stress 106 Stress Management Assessment 106 Time Management Assessment 107 Type A Personality Inventory 108 Social Readjustment Rating Scale 109 Sources of Personal Stress 111 SKILL LEARNING 112 Improving the Management of Stress and Time 112 The Role of Management 113 Major Elements of Stress 113 Reactions to Stress 114 Coping with StressRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesRef: 43 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty: Moderate 128) When Yahoo! began to flounder in 2001, CEO Terry Semel imposed a more conservative, buttoned-down atmosphere on the freewheeling Internet start-up. At the new Yahoo!, spontaneity is out and order is in. Identify this organizational phenomenon. Answer: This could be described as a change in corporate or organizational culture. Corporate culture has been defined as the shared experiences, stories, beliefs, and norms that